이윤미, 김민주, 송현주. (2017). 타인의 단어와 행동 목표의 관계성에 대한 10 개월 영아의 이해에 있어서 사회정서 단서의 영향. Korean Journal of Child Stud, 38(1), 205-215.

http://www.childstudies.org/m/journal/view.php?viewtype=cited&number=3644

Objective
The current study examined whether providing both an actor's eye gaze and emotional expressions can help 10-month-olds interpret a change in the actor's words as a signal to a change in the actor's goal object.
Methods
Sixteen 10-month-olds participated in an experiment using the violation-of-expectation paradigm and were compared to 16 10-month-olds in a control condition. The infants in the experimental condition were familiarized to an event in which an actor looks at one of two novel objects, excitingly utters a sentence, “Wow, here's a modi!”, and grasps the object. The procedure in the control condition was identical to that of the experimental condition except that the infants heard the sentence without any emotional excitement and the eye gaze of the agent was hidden by a visor. In the following test trial, the infants in both conditions heard the agent changing her word (from modi to papu) and watched her grasping either the same object as before (old-goal event) or the new object (new-goal event).
Results
The infants in the experimental condition looked at the old-goal event longer than at the new-goal event, suggesting that they expected the agent to change her goal object when the actor changed her word. However, the infants in the control condition looked at the two events about equally.
Conclusion
When both eye gaze and emotional cues were provided, 10-month-olds were able to exploit the agent's verbal information when reasoning about whether the agent would pursue the same goal object as before.

연구의의

본 연구는 만 10개월 영아들이 시선 및 감정 단서가 주어졌을 때, 타인의 언어적 단서와 행동 간의 관계성을 성공적으로 추론할 수 있음을 보여줌. 이는 아주 어린 영아들도 타인의 시선과 감정 단서를 사용하는 능력을 가지고 있는 사회적 존재라는 것을 보여주며, 타인의 정서 단서가 생애 초기부터 타인을 이해하는데 중요한 정보임을 제시함. 이러한 연구는 타인의 마음을 이해하고 공감하는 능력이 아주 어릴 때부터 발달될 수 있음을 시사함.